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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">Mac下安装Linux-CentOS</h1>
        

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<h3 id="准备"><a href="#准备" class="headerlink" title="准备"></a>准备</h3><ul>
<li>虚拟机: Vmware Fusion</li>
<li>镜像: CentOS</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="下载安装-Vmware-Fusion"><a href="#下载安装-Vmware-Fusion" class="headerlink" title="下载安装 Vmware Fusion"></a>下载安装 Vmware Fusion</h3><ul>
<li>网站: <a href="https://www.vmware.com/cn.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.vmware.com/cn.html</a></li>
<li>产品 -&gt; Fusion for Mac</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="下载CentOS"><a href="#下载CentOS" class="headerlink" title="下载CentOS"></a>下载CentOS</h3><ul>
<li>网站: <a href="https://www.centos.org/download/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.centos.org/download/</a><ul>
<li>DVD ISO -&gt; 这个是带有图形界⾯面的版本(新手推荐)</li>
<li>Minimal ISO -&gt; 不带图形界⾯, 纯粹服务器版</li>
<li>选择阿⾥里里云、华为云、163等⽐较快的服务器</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="安装虚拟机-DVD-ISO"><a href="#安装虚拟机-DVD-ISO" class="headerlink" title="安装虚拟机(DVD ISO)"></a>安装虚拟机(DVD ISO)</h3><ul>
<li>打开Fusion, 新建虚拟机, 选择下载好的CentOS镜像, 并安装</li>
<li>在安装进程中, 选择语言(中文)</li>
<li>在安装信息摘要界面中<ul>
<li>点击(系统)<strong>安装位置</strong>, 完成确认</li>
<li>点击(软件)<strong>软件选择</strong>, 在基本环境中选择<strong>开发及生成工作站</strong>, 在附加选项中选择<strong>开发工具, 系统管理工具</strong><img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1sggMXoz1gK0jSZLe7629kVXai.png" width="80%" height="80%" alt="installation info" title="installation info">
<img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1iZZMXeT2gK0jSZFv760nFXXab.png" width="80%" height="80%" alt="software select" title="software select"></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>设置root密码</li>
<li>安装好后, 完成配置<img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1.nwNXi_1gK0jSZFq763paXXa7.png" width="80%" height="80%" alt="config" title="config">

</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="安装虚拟机-Minimal-ISO"><a href="#安装虚拟机-Minimal-ISO" class="headerlink" title="安装虚拟机(Minimal ISO)"></a>安装虚拟机(Minimal ISO)</h3><p>Minimal ISO是不带图形界面的版本, 安装时全部默认设置即可</p>
<ul>
<li>Tips:<ul>
<li>使用ip addr查看centos局域网的ip发现没有, 使用yum安装一些工具包时也出现报错(could not retrieve mirrorlist)<ul>
<li>cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts </li>
<li>vi ifcfg-ens33 </li>
<li>将 ONBOOT=no 改成 ONBOOT=yes, 保存退出</li>
<li>重启CentOS</li>
<li>重新ip addr</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<!-- ### Mac下使用tree生成目录结构
tree -L 3 -I 'node_modules' 过滤node_modules文件夹, 显示三层树结构
* tree -d 只显示文件夹
* tree -L n 显示项目的层级, n表示层级数, 比如想要显示项目三层结构, 可以用tree -l 3
* tree -I pattern 用于过滤不想要显示的文件或者文件夹, 比如你想要过滤项目中的node_modules文件夹, 可以使用tree -I 'node_modules'
* tree > tree.md 将项目结构输出到tree.md这个文件 -->

<h3 id="Linux下的目录"><a href="#Linux下的目录" class="headerlink" title="Linux下的目录"></a>Linux下的目录</h3><ul>
<li>/bin<ul>
<li>系统有很多放置执行档的目录, 但/bin⽐较特殊. 因为/bin放置的是在单人维护模式下, 还能够被操作的指令. 在/bin底下的指令可以被root与一般帐号所使⽤, 主要有: cat, chmod(修改权限), chown, date, mv, mkdir, cp, bash等常⽤的指令</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>/boot<ul>
<li>主要放置开机会使⽤到的档案, 包括Linux核心档案以及开机选单与开机所需设定档等. Linux kernel常用的档名为:vmlinuz, 如果使用的是grub这个开机管理理程式, 则还会存在/boot/grub/这个目录</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>/dev<ul>
<li>在Linux系统上, 任何装置与周边设备都是以档案的型态存在于这个目录当中. 只要通过存取这个⽬录下的某个档案, 就等于存取某个装置. 比较重要的档案有/dev/null, /dev/zero, /dev/tty, /dev/lp, /dev/hd, /dev/sd*等</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>/etc<ul>
<li>系统主要的设定档⼏乎都放置在这个目录内, 例如人员的帐号密码档, 各种服务的启始档等等. 一般来说, 这个目录下的各档案属性是可以让一般使用者查阅的, 但是只有root有权力修改. FHS建议不要放置可执行档(binary)在这个⽬录中. ⽐较重要的档案有: /etc/inittab, /etc/init.d/, /etc/modprobe.conf, /etc/X11/, /etc/fstab, /etc/sysconfig/等. 另外, 其下重要的⽬录有: /etc/init.d/ : 所有服务的预设启动script都是放在这⾥的, 例如要启动或者关闭iptables的话: /etc/init.d/iptables start、/etc/init.d/ iptables stop/etc/xinetd.d/ : 这就是所谓的super daemon管理的各项服务的设定档目录. /etc/X11/ :与X Window有关的各种设定档都在这里, 尤其是xorg.conf或XF86Config这两个X Server的设定档</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>/home<ul>
<li>这是系统预设的使用者家目录(home directory). 在你新增一个一般使⽤者帐号时, 预设的使用者家目录都会规范到这⾥来. 比较重要的是, 家⽬录有两种代号: ~: 代表当前使用者的家目录, ⽽ ~guest: 则代表用户名为guest的家目录</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>/lib<ul>
<li>系统的函式库非常的多, 而/lib放置的则是在开机时会用到的函式库, 以及在/bin 或/sbin底下的指令会呼叫的函式库⽽已. 什么是函式库呢? 可以将他想成是外挂, 某些指令必须要有这些外挂才能够顺利完成程式的执行之意. 尤其重要的 是/lib/modules/这个⽬录, 因为该目录会放置核心相关的模组(驱动程式)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>/media<ul>
<li>media是媒体的英文, 顾名思义, 这个/media底下放置的就是可移除的装置. 包括软碟、光碟、DVD等装置都暂时挂载于此. 常见的档名有: /media/floppy, /media/cdrom等</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>/mnt<ul>
<li>如果想要暂时挂载某些额外的装置, ⼀般建议可以放置到这个目录中. 在很早时候, 这个目录的用途与/media相同, 只是有了/media之后, 这个⽬录就用来暂时挂载用了</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>/opt<ul>
<li>这个是给第三⽅协⼒软体放置的目录. 比如, KDE这个桌面管理系统是一个独⽴的计划, 不过它可以安装到Linux系统中, 因此KDE的软体就建议放置到此目录下了. 另外, 如果想要⾃⾏安装额外的软体(⾮原本的distribution提供的), 那么也能够将你的软体安装到这里来, 不过, 以前的Linux系统中, 我们还是习惯放置在/usr/local⽬录下</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>/root<ul>
<li>系统管理员(root)的家⽬录. 之所以放在这⾥, 是因为如果进⼊单⼈维护模式⽽仅挂载根目录时, 该目录就能够拥有root的家目录, 所以我们会希望root的家目录与根目录放置在同一个分区中</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>/sbin<ul>
<li>Linux有⾮常多指令是用来设定系统环境的, 这些指令只有root才能够利用来设定系统, 其他使用者最多只能用来查询⽽而已. 放在/sbin底下的为开机过程中所需要的, ⾥面包括了开机、修复、还原系统所需要的指令. 至于某些伺服器软体程式, 一般则放置到/usr/sbin/当中. 至于本机自⾏安装的软体所产生的系统执⾏档(system binary), 则放置到/usr/local/sbin/当中了. 常见的指令包括:fdisk, fsck, ifconfig, init, mkfs等</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>/srv<ul>
<li>srv可以视为service的缩写, 是一些⽹路服务启动之后, 这些服务所需要取⽤的资料⽬录. 常见的服务例如WWW, FTP等. 举例来说, WWW伺服器需要的⽹⻚资料就可以放置在/srv/www/⾥⾯</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>/tmp<ul>
<li>这是让一般使⽤者或者是正在执⾏的程序暂时放置档案的地方. 这个目录是任何⼈都能够存取的, 所以你需要定期的清理一下. 当然, 重要资料不可放置在此⽬录, 因为FHS甚⾄建议在开机时, 应该要将/tmp下的资料都删除</li>
</ul>
</li>
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